जिज्ञासा(JIGYASA) : वैश्विक प्रतिस्पर्धात्मकता सूचकांक

जिज्ञासा(JIGYASA) : वैश्विक प्रतिस्पर्धात्मकता सूचकांक: विश्व आर्थिक फोरम के वर्ष 2012-13 की वैश्विक प्रतिस्पर्धात्मकता सूचकांक में भारत 59वें स्थान पर रहा. वर्ष 2011-12 में भारत 56वें स्थान पर था...

निम्नलिखित दो लेखांशों में से प्रत्येक को पढ़िए और उनके उपरान्त दिए गए प्रश्नांशों के उत्तर दीजिए. इन प्रश्नांशों के आपके उत्तर केवल लेखांशों पर ही आधारित होने चाहिए.

‘सृजनशील समाज' की अवधारणा किसी समाज के विकास के उस चरण को निर्दिष्ट करती है जिसमें बड़ी संख्या में संभाव्य विरोधाभास मुखर और सक्रिय हो उठते हैं. यह उस समय सर्वाधिक सुस्पष्ट होता है जिस समय उत्पीड़ित सामाजिक समूह राजनीतिक स्तर पर संघटित हो जाते हैं और अपने अधिकारों की मांग करते हैं. विकासशील देशों में किसानों और जनजातियों का उमड़ कर उठना, क्षेत्रीय स्वायत्तता और आत्मनिर्णय के लिए आंदोलन, पर्यावरण आंदोलन और नारी आंदोलन समकालीन समय में सृजनशील समाज के आविर्भाव के लक्षण हैं. इन सामाजिक आन्दोलनों के रूप और उनकी तीव्रता अलग-अलग देशों में और किसी एक देश के अलग-अलग हिस्सों में भिन्न-भिन्न हो सकती है. किन्तु समाज के विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में सामाजिक रूपांतरण लाने के लिए इन आन्दोलनों की उपस्थिति मात्र, देश में सृजनशील समाज के अविर्भाव को इंगित करती है.

6. ‘सृजनशील समाज' से लेखक का क्या निहितार्थ है?
1. एक समाज जहाँ विविध कलारूप और साहित्यिक लेखन प्रोत्साहन पाने का प्रयत्न करते हैं.
2. एक समाज जहाँ सामाजिक असमानताएँ मानक की तरह स्वीकृत हैं.
3. एक समाज जहाँ विशाल संख्या में अंतर्विरोध मान लिए जाते हैं.
4. एक समाज जहाँ शोषित और उत्पीड़ित समूहों में अपने मानवाधिकारों एवं उत्थान की चेतना विकसित होती है.
नीचे दिए गए कूट की सहायता से सही उत्तर चुनिए:
(a) 1, 2 और 3
(b) केवल 4
(c) 3 और 4
(d) 2 और 4

7. लेखांश के अनुसार सामाजिक आन्दोलनों की अभिव्यक्तियाँ कौन-कौन सी हैं?
1. आक्रामकता और दाहक होना.
2. बाह्य बलों के द्वारा उकसाया जाना.
3. सामाजिक समानता और वैयक्तिक स्वत्रंता की तलाश.
4. समाज के अवमानित वर्गों को विशेषाधिकार और आत्मसम्मान प्रदान करने का आग्रह.
नीचे दिए गए कूट का प्रयोग कर सही उत्तर चुनिए:
(a) केवल 1 और 3
(b) केवल 2 और 4
(c) केवल 3 और 4
(d) 1, 2, 3 और 4

8. लेखांश के सन्दर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए:
1. सृजनशील समाज बनने के लिए, विविध प्रकार के सामाजिक आन्दोलनों का होना अनिवार्य है.
2. सृजनशील समाज बनने के लिए, संभाव्य अंतर्विरोधों और संघर्षों का होना अत्यावश्यक है.
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-सा/कौन-से कथन सही है/हैं?
(a) केवल 1
(b) केवल 2
(c) 1 और 2 दोनों
(d) न तो 1 और न ही 2

9. निम्नलिखित तीन कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :
1. दौड़ में केवल छात्र ही भाग ले सकते हैं.
2. दौड़ में भाग लेने वालों में कुछ बालिकाएं हैं.
3. दौड़ में भाग लेने वाली सभी बालिका प्रतिभागियों को प्रशिक्षण हेतु बुलाया गया है.
उपर्युक्त कथनों से निम्नलिखित कौन-सा एक निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है?
(a) दौड़ के सभी प्रतिभागियों को प्रशिक्षण हेतु बुलाया गया है.
(b) सभी छात्रों को प्रशिक्षण हेतु बुलाया गया है.
(c) दौड़ के सभी प्रतिभागी छात्र हैं.
(d) उपर्युक्त (a), (b) और (c) कथनों में से कोई सही नहीं है.

निम्नलिखित लेखांशों में से प्रत्येक को पढ़िए और उनके उपरान्त दिए गए प्रश्नांशों के उत्तर दीजिए. इन प्रश्नांशों के आपके उत्तर केवल लेखांशों पर ही आधारित होने चाहिए.

निम्नलिखित लेखांशों में से प्रत्येक को पढ़िए और उनके उपरान्त दिए गए प्रश्नांशों के उत्तर दीजिए. इन प्रश्नांशों के आपके उत्तर केवल लेखांशों पर ही आधारित होने चाहिए.

लेखांश-I
समावेशी संवृद्धि की प्राप्ति के लिए राज्य की भूमिका पर पुनर्विचार की गंभीर आवश्यकता है. सरकार के आकार के विषय में अर्थशास्त्रियों के बीच हुई आरंभिक बहस भ्रामक हो सकती है. समय की आवश्यकता है कि एक सामर्थ्यकारी सरकार हो. राज्य सभी आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति कर सके, यह भारत राष्ट्र के विशाल और जटिल स्वरुप को देखते हुए आसान नहीं है. सरकार सभी अनिवार्य वस्तुओं का उत्पादन करे, सभी आवश्यक नौकरियों का सृजन करे, और सभी वस्तुओं की कीमतों पर नियंत्रण रखे, ऐसी अपेक्षा विशाल बोझिल नौकरशाही और व्यापक भ्रष्टाचार की ओर ले जाएगी.
लक्ष्य यह होना चाहिए कि राष्ट्र के संस्थापकों ने जिस समावेशी संवृद्धि का उद्देश्य रखा था, हम उसके साथ बने रहें और एक साथ ही इसके प्रति एक अपेक्षाकृत अधिक आधुनिक द्रष्टिकोण अपनाएं कि राज्य यथार्थतः क्या प्रदान कर सकता है.
यही एक सामर्थ्यकारी राज्य के विचार की ओर ले जाता है, अर्थात, एक ऐसी सरकार जो नागरिकों को उनकी आवश्यकता की हर चीज़ की प्रत्यक्षतः पूर्ति करने का प्रयास नहीं करती. बल्कि, (1) वह बाज़ार के लिए एक सामर्थ्यकारी लोकाचार का सृजन करती है ताकि व्यष्टिक उद्यम फल-फूल सके, और नागरिक, अधिकांश भाग के लिए, एक-दूसरे की आवश्यकताओं के लिए प्रावधान कर सकें; और (2) वह ऐसे लोगों की मदद के लिए आगे आती है जो स्वयं अपनी बेहतरी नहीं कर पाते, क्योंकि कैसी भी व्यवस्था क्यों न हो, कुछ लोग हमेशा ऐसे होते हैं जिन्हें सहारे और मदद की आवश्यकता होती है. अतः हमें एक ऐसी सरकार की जरुरत है जो बाज़ार के मामले में प्रभावी, प्रोत्साहन-अनुकूल नियम स्थापित करे और न्यूनतम हस्तक्षेप करती हुई हाशिए पर बनी रहे, और साथ ही साथ, निर्धनों को शिक्षा और स्वास्थ्य की बुनियादी सुविधाएं तथा पर्याप्त पोषण और आहार की उपलब्धता सुनिश्चित करते हुए उनकी प्रत्यक्ष सहायता करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाए.
1. लेखांश के अनुसार :
1. समावेशी संवृद्धि का उद्येश्य राष्ट्र के संस्थापकों द्वारा रखा गया था.
2. समय की आवश्यकता है कि एक सामर्थ्यकारी सरकार हो.
3. सरकार को बाज़ार की प्रक्रियाओं में अधिकतम हस्तक्षेप रखना चाहिए.
4. आवश्यकता है कि सरकार के आकार में परिवर्तन हो.
उपर्युक्त में से कौन-कौन से कथन सही हैं?
(a) केवल 1 और 2
(b) केवल 2 और 3
(c) केवल 1 और 4
(d) 1, 2, 3 और 4

2. लेखांश के अनुसार, निम्नलिखित में से किस एक पर संक्रेंद्रित कर के समावेशी संवृद्धि की कार्यनीति कार्यरूप में परिणत की जा सकती है?
(a) देश के प्रत्येक नागरिक की सभी आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति कर
(b) विनिर्माण क्षेत्र पर विनियमनों को बढ़ा कर
(c) विनिर्मित वस्तुओं के वितरण को नियंत्रित कर
(d) समाज के वंचित वर्गों को बुनियादी सेवाएं प्रदान कर

3. सामर्थ्यकारी सरकार के संघटक क्या हैं?
1. विशाल नौकरशाही.
2. प्रतिनिधियों के माध्यम से कल्याण कार्यक्रमों को लागू करना.
3. ऐसे लोकाचार का सृजन करना जिसमें व्यष्टिक उद्यम को मदद मिले.
4. उन्हें संसाधन उपलब्ध कराना जो अल्पसुविधाप्राप्त हैं.
5. निर्धनों को बुनियादी सेवाओं के सम्बन्ध में सीधे मदद देना.
नीचे दिए गए कूट की सहायता से सही उत्तर चुनिए :
(a) केवल 1, 2 और 3
(b) केवल 4 और 5
(c) केवल 3, 4 और 5
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 और 5

4. राज्य क्यों "सभी आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति" कर सकने में असमर्थ है?
1. उसके पास पर्याप्त नौकरशाही नहीं है.
2. वह समावेशी संवृद्धि को प्रोत्साहित नहीं करता.
नीचे दिए गए कूट की सहायता से सही उत्तर चुनिए:
(a) केवल 1
(b) केवल 2
(c) 1 और 2 दोनों
(d) न तो 1 और न ही 2

5. इस लेखांश के लेखक द्वारा व्यक्त सारभूत सन्देश क्या है?
(a) राष्ट्र के संस्थापकों के द्वारा अधिकथित समावेशी संवृद्धि के उद्देश्यों को याद रखना चाहिए.
(b) सरकार के लिए यह आवश्यक है कि वह अधिक स्कूल और स्वास्थ्य सेवाएं उपलब्ध कराए.
(c) सरकार के लिए यह आवश्यक है कि वह समाज के निर्धन स्तरों की आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति के लिए बाज़ार और उद्योग स्थापित करे.
(d) समावेशी संवृद्धि की प्राप्ति के लिए राज्य की भूमिका पर पुनर्विचार करने की आवश्यकता है.

Read the following passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

Read  the following  passage and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

The concept of 'creative society' refers to a phase of development of a society in which a large number of potential contradictions become articulate and active. This is most evident when oppressed social groups get politically mobilised and demand their rights. The upsurge of the peasants and tribals, the movements for regional autonomy and self-determination, the environmental movements, and the women's movements in the developing countries are signs of emergence of creative society in contemporary times. The forms of social movements and their intensity may vary from country to country and place to place within a country. But the very presence of movements for social transformation in various spheres of a society indicates the emergence of a creative society in a country.
6. What does the author imply by "creative society" ?
1. A society where diverse art forms and literary writings seck incentive.
2. A society where social inequalities are accepted as the norm.
3. A society where a large number of contradictions are recognised.
4. A society where' the exploited and the oppressed groups grow conscious of. their human rights and upliftment.
Select the correct answerusing the codes given below :
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 4 only
(c) 3 and 4
(d) 2 and 4

7. What according to the passage are the manifestations of social movements?
1. Aggressiveness and being incendiary.
2. Instigation by external forces.
3. Quest for social equality and individual freedom.
4. Urge for granting privileges and self-respect to disparaged sections of the society.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

8. With reference to the passage. consider the following statements:
1. To be a creative society, it is essential to have a variety of social movements.
2. To be a creative society, it is imperative to have potential contradictions and conflicts.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

9. Consider the following three statements:
1. Only students can participate in the race.
2. Some participants in the race are girls.                
3. All girl participants in the race are invited for coaching.
Which one of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statements?
(a) All participants in the race are invited for coaching.
(b) All students are invited for coaching.                
(c) All participants in the race are students.
(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above is correct.

Read each of the following two passages and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

Read each of the following two passages and answer the items that follow. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.
Passage-I
For achieving inclusive growth there is-a critical need to rethink the-role of the State. The early debate among economists about the size of the Goverment can be misleading. The need of the hour is to have an enabling Government. India is too large and complex a nation for the State to be able to deliver all that is needed. Asking the Government to produse all the essential goods, create all the necessary jobs, and keep a curb on the prices of all goods is to lead to a large cumbersome bureaucracy and widespread corruption. The aim must be to stay with the objective of inclusive growth that was laid down by the founding fathers of the nation and also to take a more modern view of what the State can realistically deliver. This is what leads to the idea of an enabling State, that is, a Government that does not try to directly deliver to the citizens everything that they need. Instead, it (1) creates an enabling ethos for the market so that individual enterprise can flourish and citizens can, for the most part, provide for the needs of one another, and (2) steps in to help those who do not manage to do well for themselves, for there will always be individuals, no matter what the system, who need support and help. Hence we need a Government that, when it comes to the market, sets effective, incentive-compatible rules and remains on the sidelines with minimal interference, and, at the same time, plays an important role in directly helping the poor by ensuring  that they get basic education and health services and receive adequate  nutrition and food .
1. According to passage :
1. The objective of inclusive growth was laid down by the founding fathers of the nation.
2. Need of the hour is to have an enabling Government.
3. The Government should engage III maximum interference in market processes.
4. There is a need to change the size of the Government.
Which of the statements given above are correct ?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

2. According to the passage, the strategy of inclusive growth can be effected by focussing on
(a) meeting all the needs of every citizen in the country.
(b) Increasing the regulations over the manufacturing sector.
(c) Controlling the distribution of manufacturing goods.
(d) Delivery of the basic services to the deprived sections of the society.

3. What constitutes an enabling Government?
1. A large bureaucracy.
2. Implementationof welfare programmes through representatives.
3. Creating an ethos that helps individual enterprise
4. Providing resources to those who are underprivileged.
5. Offering direct help to the poor regarding basic services.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 4 and 5 only
(c) 3, 4 and 5 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

4. Why is the State unable to deliver "all thai is needed"?
1. It does not. have sufficient bureaucracy.
2. It does not promote inclusive growth.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

5. What is essential message being conveyed by the author of the passage ?
(a) The objectives of inclusive growth laid down by the foundings fathers of the nation should be remembered.
(b) The Government needs to make available more schools and health sevices.
(c) The Government needs to establish markets and industries to meet the needs of the poor strata of the society.
(d) There is a need to rethink the role of the State in achieving inclusive growth.

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Business Line : Columns / C Gopinath : Corporates can be corrupt as well

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economic survey-2012

http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/economy/article2998162.ece

1991 में आर्थिक उदारीकरण के बाद ऐसे क्षेत्र जो पहले सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र प्रतिष्‍ठानों के ही अधिकार क्षेत्र में थे, वे निजी क्षेत्र के लिए खोल दिए गए। इस प्रकार सीपीएसई को निजी क्षेत्र की घरेलू कम्‍पनियों (इनमें से ने कुछ बहुत तेजी से विकास किया) और बहुराष्‍ट्रीय बड़े निगमों (एमएनसी) से प्रतिस्‍पर्धा का सामना करना पडा। सीपीएसई जैसे भारतीय कपास निगम, आईटी आई लिमि‍टेड, मझगांव बंदरगाह लिमिटेड, एमएसटीसी लिमिटेड, एसटीसी लिमिटेड, ओएनजीसी विदेश लिमिटेड और भारत संचार निगम लिमिटेड के कारोबार में 2010-11 के दौरान अत्‍यधिक गिरावट आई। सीपीएसई जैसे एयर इंडिया लिमिटेड, भारत संचार निगम लिमिटेड, महानगर टेलीफोन निगम लिमिटेड, हिंदुस्‍तान फोटो फिल्‍मस एण्‍ड मेन्‍यूफेक्‍चरिंग कम्‍पनी लिमिटेड और ड्रग एण्‍ड फॉमेस्‍यूटिक्‍लस लिमिटेड को 2010-11 के दौरान घाटा उठाना पडा।

1991 में आर्थिक उदारीकरण के बाद ऐसे क्षेत्र जो पहले सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र प्रतिष्‍ठानों के ही अधिकार क्षेत्र में थे, वे निजी क्षेत्र के लिए खोल दिए गए। इस प्रकार सीपीएसई को निजी क्षेत्र की घरेलू कम्‍पनियों (इनमें से ने कुछ बहुत तेजी से विकास किया) और बहुराष्‍ट्रीय बड़े निगमों (एमएनसी) से प्रतिस्‍पर्धा का सामना करना पडा। सीपीएसई जैसे भारतीय कपास निगम, आईटी आई लिमि‍टेड, मझगांव बंदरगाह लिमिटेड, एमएसटीसी लिमिटेड, एसटीसी लिमिटेड, ओएनजीसी विदेश लिमिटेड और भारत संचार निगम लिमिटेड के कारोबार में 2010-11 के दौरान अत्‍यधिक गिरावट आई। सीपीएसई जैसे एयर इंडिया लिमिटेड, भारत संचार निगम लिमिटेड, महानगर टेलीफोन निगम लिमिटेड, हिंदुस्‍तान फोटो फिल्‍मस एण्‍ड मेन्‍यूफेक्‍चरिंग कम्‍पनी लिमिटेड और ड्रग एण्‍ड फॉमेस्‍यूटिक्‍लस लिमिटेड को 2010-11 के दौरान घाटा उठाना पडा।
सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र प्रतिष्‍ठान उच्‍चतर आर्थिक विकास, वस्‍तु और सेवाओं के उत्‍पादन में आत्‍मनिर्भरता, अदायगी संतुलन में दीर्घकालिक समानता और निम्‍न एवं स्‍थायी मूल्‍यों के बृहत आर्थिक लक्ष्‍यों को पूरा करने के लिए गठित किये गये है। जहां पहली पंचवर्षीय योजना के समय कुल 29 करोड़ रुपये की पूंजी निवेश के साथ मात्र पाँच केंद्रीय सार्वजनिक प्रतिष्‍ठान (सीपीएसई) थे, वहां 31 मार्च, 2011 को कुल 6,66,848 करोड़ रुपये के निवेश के साथ 248 सीपीएसई हो गए। इनमें सात बीमा कम्‍पनियां शामिल नहीं है। पंचवर्षीय योजनाओं के दौरान की गई पहल के परिणामस्‍वरूप हरित क्षेत्र परियोजनाओं के रूप में बड़ी संख्‍या में सीपीएसई गठित की गई है। जहां एक और राष्‍ट्रीय कपड़ा निगम, कोल इंडिया लिमिटेड (और उसकी सहायक कम्‍पनियां) जैसी सीपीएसई के राष्‍ट्रीकरण के परिणामस्‍वरूप निजी क्षेत्र से सरकारी अधिकार में ले ली गई है, वहां इंडियन पेट्रोकेमिकल्‍स कार्पोरेशन लिमिटेड, मॉडर्न फूड इंडस्‍ट्रीज लिमिटेड, हिंदुस्तान जिंक लिमिटेड, भारत एल्यूमिनियम कम्‍पनी और मारुति उद्योग लिमिटेड, जो पहले सीपीएसई थी, ने निजी करण के बाद सीपीएसई के रूप में काम करना बंद दिया।
सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र की अन्‍य प्रमुख कम्‍पनियों जैसे बैंकिंग क्षेत्र में भारतीय स्‍टेट बैंक, बीमा क्षेत्र में भारतीय जीवन बीमा निगम और परिवहन क्षेत्र में भारतीय रेल के सा‍थ-साथ्‍सीपीएसई भारत की अग्रणी कम्‍पनियां है। इनका अनेक क्षेत्रों जैसे पेट्रोलियम (उदाहरण के तौर पर कोल इंडिया लिमिटेड और एनएमडीसी), विद्युत उत्‍पादन (एनटीपीसी और एनएचपीसी) विद्युत ट्रांसमिशन (पावर ग्रिड कार्पोरेशन ऑफ इंडिया लिमिटेड), भारी इंजीनियरी (भेल), विमानन उद्योग (हिंदुस्‍तान एयरोनॉटिक्‍स लिमिटेड और एयर इंडिया लिमिटेड), भंडारण और सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली (भारतीय खाद्य निगम और केंद्रीय भंडार निगम), जहाजरानी और व्‍यापार (भारतीय जहाजरानी निगम लिमिटेड और राज्‍य व्‍यापार निगम लिमिटेड) और दूरसंचार (बीएसएनएल और एमटीएनएल) में उल्‍लेखनीय बाजार शेयर है।

भारत में लघु पनबिजली (एसएचपी) को 25 मेगावाट तक मानकीकृत किया गया है। भारत में लगभग 15 हजार मेगावाट की अनुमानित लघु पनबिजली क्षमता है जिसमें से मात्र 20 प्रतिशत का दोहन किया गया है। अत: हमारी बढ़ती हुई मांगों को पूरा करने के लिए निकट भविष्य में इसका अत्यधिक उपयोग किया जा सकता है। प्रस्ताव है कि 12वीं पंचवर्षीय योजना में लघु पनबिजली से 2000 मेगावाट अतिरिक्त बिजली पैदा करने की क्षमता तैयार की जाएगी..

भारत में लघु पनबिजली (एसएचपी) को 25 मेगावाट तक मानकीकृत किया गया है। भारत में लगभग 15 हजार मेगावाट की अनुमानित लघु पनबिजली क्षमता है जिसमें से मात्र 20 प्रतिशत का दोहन किया गया है। अत: हमारी बढ़ती हुई मांगों को पूरा करने के लिए निकट भविष्य में इसका अत्यधिक उपयोग किया जा सकता है। प्रस्ताव है कि 12वीं पंचवर्षीय योजना में लघु पनबिजली से 2000 मेगावाट अतिरिक्त बिजली पैदा करने की क्षमता तैयार की जाएगी।
किसी स्थान की पनबिजली क्षमता पानी के छोड़े जाने और उसके मुहाने पर निर्भर करती है। ये परियोजनाएं नदियों, नहरों और बांधों पर लगाई जा सकती हैं। इन्हें इस प्रकार वर्गीकृत किया गया है – सूक्ष्म पन (100 किलोवाट तक), मिनी पन (101 से 2000 किलोवाट या 2 मेगावाट) और लघु पन (2 मेगावाट से 25 मेगावाट तक)।
जहां एक ओर लघु पनबिजली क्षेत्र में लगभग 3342 मेगावाट क्षमता स्थापित की गई वहां दूसरी ओर 2025 पन चक्कियां/ सूक्ष्म पन-परियोजनाएं भी फरवरी 2012 के अंत तक काम कर रही थीं। आशा है कि 12वीं योजना में लघु पनबिजली क्षेत्र को और बढ़ावा मिलेगा

ऊर्जा संरक्षण कानून-2001 भारत में सबसे अधिक महत्‍वपूर्ण बहु-क्षेत्रीय कानून है। इस कानून के अंतर्गत उपकरणों और उपयोगी सामानों तथा उपभोक्‍ताओं के लिए ऊर्जा खपत के मानक निश्चित किये गए हैं। व्‍यावसायिक भवनों के लिए भी ऊर्जा संरक्षण के मानक बनाए गए हैं और ऊर्जा खपत के मानदण्‍डों के पालन के लिए भी व्‍यवस्‍था कायम की गई है...

भारत सरकार ने 2001 में ऊर्जा संरक्षण अधिनियम बनाया। पिछले एक दशक में भारत में ऊर्जा कुशलता में तेजी से सुधार हुआ है और ऊर्जा की खपत लगभग 20 से 25 प्रतिशत कम हुई है...

लघु और मध्‍यम उद्योग विनिर्माण क्षेत्र की रीढ़ की हड्डी हैं...

लघु और मध्‍यम उद्योग न केवल हमारे देश में, बल्कि विकसित देशों में भी विनिर्माण क्षेत्र की रीढ़ की हड्डी हैं। भारत में विनिर्माण के क्षेत्र में लघु उद्यम क्षेत्र का योगदान 40 प्रतिशत है। निर्यात में भी लघु उद्योग क्षेत्र का पर्याप्‍त योगदान है। पिछले समय में लघु उद्योग अपेक्षतया सहायता और सुरक्षा प्राप्‍त क्षेत्र ही होता था। उन्‍हें अधिक सुरक्षा दी जाती थी और कई वस्‍तुओं का उत्‍पादन लघु उद्योग क्षेत्र में ही होता था। इस क्षेत्र की इकाइयों को विशेष वित्‍तीय प्रोत्‍साहन दिये जाते थे और कई सहायक कार्यक्रम चलाये जाते थे, ताकि छोटे उद्योग बने रहें।
1991 में सुधारों की शुरूआत के बाद कुल मिलाकर विनिर्माण क्षेत्र के विकास और छोटे उद्योगों की स्थिति में महत्‍वपूर्ण परिवर्तन आया है। आयात पर शुल्‍क काफी घटा दिये गए हैं। भारत का धीरे-धीरे विश्‍व अर्थव्यवस्था के साथ एकीकरण हो रहा है, नये व्‍यापारिक ब्‍लॉक बन रहे है और भारत सहित कई देश स्‍पर्धा की दृष्टि से अपने लाभ वाले क्षेत्रों में व्‍यापार बढ़ाने के लिए प्राथमिकता प्राप्‍त व्‍यापार समझौतों, मुक्‍त व्‍यापार समझौतों या व्‍यापक आर्थिक समझौतों में शामिल हो रहे है। इस प्रक्रिया में भारतीय अर्थव्‍यवस्‍था अधिक खुली होती जा रही है और इस बात की नितांत आवश्‍यकता है कि उद्योग नई स्थिति के अनुरूप स्‍वंय को ढालें। भारतीय उद्योगों को स्‍पर्धात्‍मक बनने के लिए अपने लागत मूल्‍यों को कम करना होगा ताकि वे अपना अस्तित्‍व बनाये रख सकें और विकसित हों। विशेषकर छोटे उद्योगों के सामने जो स्थिति है उसमें, अवसर और चुनौती दोनों शामिल हैं। अंतर्राष्‍ट्रीय रूप से स्‍पर्धात्‍मक बनने से लघु उद्योगों को विश्‍व बाजार में आगे बढ़ने का अवसर मिलता है। अन्‍य उद्योगों को से अपनी स्थिति को समझना होगा और यदि अपने अस्तित्‍व को बचाना है, तो चुनौतियों का सामना करने के लिए स्‍पर्धात्‍मक बनना होगा।
सरकार ने 2005 में राष्‍ट्रीय स्‍पर्धात्‍मकता कार्यक्रम की घोषणा की थी। इसका उद्देश्‍य स्‍पर्धात्‍मक बनने के प्रयासों में लघु और मध्‍यम उद्यमों की सहायता करना है तथा उदारीकरण और शुल्‍क दरों में रियायत से बनने वाले स्पर्धात्मक दबावों के अनुरूप सक्षम बनने में उन्‍हें सहायता देना है।
कम लागत विनिर्माण स्‍पर्धात्‍मकता योजना (Lean Manufacturing Competitiveness Scheme)
इस योजना के अंतर्गत सूक्ष्‍म, लघु और मध्‍यम उद्यमों को उचित कर्मचारी प्रबंधन, स्‍थान के बेहतर उपयोग, वैज्ञानिक सूची प्रबंधन, इंजीनियरी समय में बचत आदि के जरिए अपनी विनिर्माण लागत को कम करने में सहयता दी जायेगी। कम लागत विनिर्माण स्‍पर्धात्‍मकता योजना से उत्‍पादों की गुणवत्‍ता में सुधार होता है और लागत कम होती है, जो राष्‍ट्रीय और अंतर्राष्‍ट्रीय बाजारों में स्‍पर्धा के लिए आवश्‍यक है।

TEST PAPER OF GENERAL STUDIES (IAS STUDY CIRCLE)

1]Consider the following:-
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Oxides of Nitrogen
3. Oxides of Sulphur
Which of the above is/are the emission/emissions from coal combustion at thermal power plants?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
2] Satellites used for telecommunication relay are kept in a geostationary orbit. A satellite is said to be in such an orbit when:
1. The orbit is geosynchronous.
2. The orbit is circular.
3. The orbit lies in the plane of the Earth's equator.
4. The orbit is at an altitude of 22,236 km.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 4 Only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
3]Two important rivers - one with its source in Jharkhand (and known by a different name in Odisha), and another,with its source in Odisha - merge at a place only a short distance from the coast of Bay of Bengal before flowing into the sea. This is an important site of wildlife and biodiversity and a protected area.
Which one of the following could be this?
(a) Bhitarkanika
(b) Chandipur-on-sea
(c) Gopalpur-on-sea
(d) Simlipal
4]India is regarded as a country With "Demographic Dividend" This is due to
(a) Its high population in the age group below 15 years
(b) Its high population in the age group of 15-64 years
(c) Its high population in the age group above 65 years
(d) Its high total population
5] A "closed economy" is an economy in which
(a) the money supply is fully controlled
(b) deficit financing takes place
(c) only exports take place
(d) neither exports nor imports take place
6]What is "New START" treaty ?
(a) It is a bilateral strategic nuclear arms reduction treaty between the USA and' the Russian Federation
(b) It is a multilateral energy security cooperation treaty among the members of the East Asia Summit
(c) It is a treaty between the Russian Federation and the European Union for the energy security cooperation
(d) It is a multilateral cooperation treaty among the BRICS countries Species richness
7]The Himalayan Range is very rich in species diversity. Which one among the following is the most appropriate reason for this Phenomenon?
(a) It has a high rainfall that supports luxuriant vegetative growth
(b) It is a confluence of different bio-geographical zones
(c) Exotic and invasive species have riot been introduced in this region
(d) It has less human interference
8] A genetically engineered form of brinjal,Known as the Bt-brinjal, has been developed. The objective of this is
(a) To make it pest-resistant
(b) To improve its taste and nutritive qualities
(c) To make it drought-resistant
(d) To make its shelf-life longer
9] The Function of heavy water in a nuclear reactor is to
(a) Slow down the speed of neutrons
(b) Increase the speed of neutrons
(c) Cool down the reactor
(d) Stop the nuclear reaction
10]The authorization for the withdrawal of funds from the Consolidated Fund of India must come from
(a) The President of India
(b) The Parliament of India
(c) The Prime Minister of India
(d) The Union Finance Minister
11]Among the following who are eligible to benefit from the "Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act" ?
(a) Adult members of only the scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households
(b) Adult members of below poverty line (BPL) households
(c) Adult members of households of all backward communities
(d) Adult members of any household
12]When the annual Union Budget is not passed by the Lok Sabha,
(a) the Budget is modified and presented again
(b) the Budget is referred to the Rajya Sabha for suggestions
(c) the Union Finance Minister is asked to resign
(d) the Prime Minister submits the resignation of Council of Ministers
13] Under the Constitution of India, which one of the following is not a fundamental duty?
(a) To vote in public elections
(b) To develop the scientific temper
(c) To safeguard public property
(d) To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals
14] Consider the foliowing:
1. Photosynthesis
2. Respiration
3. Decay of organic matter
4. Volcanic action
Which of the above add carbon dioxide to the carbon cycle on Earth ?
(a) 1 and 4 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2,3 and 4
15]Itaipu Dam built art the River Parana is one of the largest dams in the
world. Which one of the following two countries have this as a joint project?
(a) Brazil and Peru (b) Paraguay and Ecuador
(c) Brazil and Paraguay (d) Colombia and Paraguay
16] For the Karachi session of Indian National Congress in 1931 presided over by Sardar Patel, who drafted the Resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Programme?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
17]Which one of the following cities is not a former capital of the given country
(Country given in the brackets)?
(a) Karachi (Pakistan) (b) Auckland (New Zealand)
(c) Kyoto Japan) (d) Brisbane (Australia)
18]A sandy and saline area is the natural habitat of an Indian animal species. The animal has no predators in that area but its existence is threatened due to the destruction of its habitat. Which one of the following could be that animal?
(a) Indian wild buffalo
(b) Indian wild ass
(c) Indian wild boar
(d) Indian gazelle
19] La Nina is suspected to have caused recent floods in Australia. How IS La Nina different from EI Nino?
1. La Nina is characterised by un-usually cold ocean' temperature in equatorial indian Ocean whereas EI Nino-is -Characterised "by 'unusually warm ocean temperature in the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
2. El Nino has adverse effect on south-west monsoon of India, but La Nina has no effect on monsoon climate.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither I nor 2
20]Consider the following statements:
1. The number of post offices in India is in excess of 1.5 lakhs.
2. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) was formed in the year 1997.
3. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was established in the year
2000.
Which of the staten1ents given above is/are correct)
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 1 only (d) 3 only
21]Which one of the following observations is not true about the Quit India Movement of 1942 ?
(a) It was a non-violent movement
(b) It was led by Mahatma Gandhi
(c) It was a spontanous movement
(d) It did not attract the labour class in general
22] Which one of the following processes in the bodies of living organisms is a digestive process?
(a) Breakdown of proteins into amino acids
(b) Breakdown of glucose into CO2 and H2O
(c) Conversion of glucose into glycogen
(d) Conversion of amino acids into proteins
23]What was the reason for Mahatma Gandhi to organize a satyagraha on behalf of the peasants of Kheda ?
1. The Administration did not suspend the land revenue collection in spite of a drought.
2. The Administration proposed to introduce Permanent Settlement in Gujarat.
Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 or 2
24]Which one ofthe following pairs is not correctly matched?
Current Name Old Name
(a) Harare- Salisbury
(b) Ethiopia -Abyssinia.
(c) Ghana -Dutch Guiana
(d) Kinshasa -Leopoldville
25]Which one of the following is not a site for in-situ method of conservation of flora?
(a) Biosphere Reserve
(b) Botanical Garden
(c) National Park
(d) Wildlife Sanctuary
26]The nucleus of an atom consists of
A. electrons and neutrons
B. electrons and protons
C. protons and neutrons
D. All of the above
27]The number of moles of solute present in 1 kg of a solvent is called its
A. molality B. molarity
C. normality D. formality
28]The oldest rocks in the earth's crust were once molten, and came from deep inside the earth. The molten rock, called magma, spewed out in volcanic eruptions during the earth;s early life and solidified into hard rock's called
A. granite
B. basalt
C. igneous rocks
D. sedimentary rocks
29]
The nucleus of a hydrogen atom consists of
A. 1 proton only
B. 1 proton + 2 neutron
C. 1 neutron only
D. 1 electron only
30]The main use of salt in the diet is to
A. make the taste of food better
B. produce in small amounts the hydrochloric acid required for the digestion of food
C. ease the process of cooking
D. increase the solubility of food particles in water
31]The central banking functions in India are performed by the
1.Central Bank of India
2.Reserve Bank of India
3.State Bank of India
4.Punjab National Bank
A. I, II
B. II
C. I
D. II, III
32]
Since the inception of the co-operative movement, rural credits has been
A. institutionalized B. rationalized
C. cheapened D. All of the above
33]The Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) came into existence in
A. 1984 B. 1986
C. 1987 D. 1989
34]Match items in the List - I with List-II and select the correct answer using
the codes given below the lists:
List-I (Country) List-II (Name of Parliament)
A. Netherlands 1. Diet
B. Ukraine 2. States General
C. Poland 3. Supreme Council
D. Japan 4. Sejm
A B C D A B C D
(a) 4 1 2 3 (b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 4 3 2 1 (d) 2 1 4 3
35]With reference to Indian freedom struggle, Usha Mehta is well-known for
(a) Running the secret Congress Radio in the wake of Quit India Movement
(b) Participating in the Second Round Table Conference
(c) Leading a contingent of Indian National Army
(d) Assisting in the formation of Interim Government under Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
36]With reference to the period of Indian freedom struggle, which of the following was/were recommended by the Nehru report ?
1. Complete Independence for India.
2. Joint electorates for reservation of seats for minorities.
3. Provision of fundamental rights for the people of India in the Constitution.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) I only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
37]Regarding 'the International Monetary Fund, which one of the following statements, is correct?
(a) It can grant loans to any country
(b) It can grant loans to only developed countries
(c) It grants loans to only member countries
(d) It can grant loans to the central bank of a country
38]The great Victoria Desert is located in
A. Canada
B. West Africa
C. Australia
D. North America
39]The "Red Data Books" published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) contain lists of
1. Endemic plant and animal species present in the biodiversity hotspots.
2. Threatened plant and animal species.
3. Protected sites for conservation of nature and natural resources . in various countries.
Select the correct. answer using the codes given below :
(a) 1 and 3
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 3 only
40]
The iron and steel industries of which of the following countries are almost fully dependent on imported raw materials?
A. Britain B. Japan
C. Poland D. Germany
41] Which of the following can aid in furthering the Govemment's objective of inclusive growth?
1. Promoting Self-Help Groups
2. Promoting Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
3. Implementing the Right to Education Act
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
42]The leading state in producing paper is
A. Bihar
B. West Bengal
C. Kerala
D. Orissa
43]The largest fish exporting region in the world is
A. the north-east atlantic region
B. the north-east pacific region
C. the north-west pacific region
D. the south-east asian region
44]The highest average salinity amongst the following seas is reported from
A. Dead Sea
B. Red Sea
C. Black Sea
D. Mediterranean Sea
45]The Himalayan mountain system belongs to which of the following?
A. Volcanic mountains
B. Residual mountains
C. Block mountains
D. Fold mountains
46]The hot, dry wind on the east or leeward side of the Rocky mountains (North America) is called
A. the Chinook
B. the Sirocco
C. the Harmattan
D. the Loo
47]
The islands of Seychelles are located in the
A. Arctic Ocean
B. Atlantic Ocean
C. Indian Ocean
D. Pacific Ocean
48]Which party was founded by Subhash Chandra' Bose in the year 1939 after
he broke away from the Congress?
(a) Indian Freedom Party (b) Azad Hind Fauj
(c) Revolutionary Front (d) Forward Block
49]Pneumoconiosis afflicts the workers who work mainly in:
(a) Tanneries (b) Coal mining industry
(c) Distilleries (d) Glass industry
50]Who among the following was not a contemporary of the other three?
(a) Bimbsara (b) Gautama Buddha
(c) Milinda (d) Prasenjit
51] The lowering of Bank Rate by the Reserve Bank of India leads to
(a) More liquidity in the market
(b) Less liquidity in the market
(c) No change in the liquidity in the market
(d) Mobilization of more deposits by commercial - banks
52]The island of Sri Lanka formerly known as
A. Madagascar B. Tasmania
C. Ceylon D. None of the above
53]Westerlies in southern hemisphere are stronger and persistent than in northern hemisphere. Why?
1. Southern hemisphere has less landmass as compared to northern hemisphere.
2. Coriolis force is higher in southern hemisphere as compared to northern hemisphere
Which of-the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
54]Consider the' following statements:
1. Warren Hastings was the first Governor General who established a regular
police force in India on the British pattern.
2. A Supreme Court was established at Calcutta by the Regulating Act, 1773. .
3. The Indian Penal Code came into effect in the year 1860.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
55]
The highest sand dunes are found is
A. the Shara desert
B. the Atacama desert
C. the Kalahari desert
D. the Gobi desert
56]Where do the Sahariya tribals, who were recently in the news, live?'
(a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Assam
(c) Rajasthan (d) Orissa
57]
The layer of the earth, immediately below the crust, is called
A. outer core
B. inner core
C. inner mantle
D. outer mantle
58]The highest mountains in Africa, which is not part of any mountains chain, is
A. Mt. Aconcagua
B. Mr. Kilimanjaro
C. Mt. Kosciusco
D. Mont Blanc
59]The gulf that separates Finland and Sweden in Europe is
A. the Gulf of Bothnia
B. the Gulf of Lions
C. the Gulf of Genoa
D. the Gulf of Venice
60]The largest fresh water lake of Africa, area wise is
A. lake Victoria
B. lake Tanganyika
C. lake Malawi
D. lake Rudot
61]Which one of the following was probed by the Liberhan Commission?
(a) Test Cricket match fixing (b) Best Bakery Case
(c) Tehelka tapes Case
(d) Demolition of the disputed structure at Ayodhya
62]Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Bahamas -Nassau
(b) Costa Rica -San Jose
(c) Nicaragua -Belmopan
(d) Dominican Republic- Santo Domingo
63]
The largest city in Latin America is
A. Mexico city
B. Caracas
C. Rio-de-Janeiro
D. Buenos Aires
64]Where are the Balearic Islands located?
(a) Mediterranean Sea (b) Black Sea
(c) Baltic Sea (d) North Sea
65] Consider the following statements:
1. Article 301 pertains to the Right to Property.
2. Right to Property is a legal right but not a Fundamental Right.
3. Article 300 A was inserted in the Constitution of India by the Congress
Government at the Centre by the 44th
Constitutional Amendment.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 2 only (b) 2 and 3 .
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
66]Who among the following invented Lasers?
(a) Theodore Maiman (b) Denis Papin
(c) William Moton (d) Francis Crick
67]Which one of the following territories was not affected by the Revolt of
1857? '
(a) Jhansi (b) Chittor
(c) ]agdishpur (d) Lucknow
68]In October 1920, who of the following headed a group of Indians gathered at
Tashkent to set up a Communist Party of India?
(a) H. K. Sarkar (b) P. C. Joshi
(c) M. C. Chagla (d) M. N. Roy
69]In which one of the following provinces was a Congress ministry not formed
under the Act of 1935?
(a) Bihar (b) Madras
(c) Orissa (d) Punjab
70]Where were the Ghadar revolutionaties, who became active during the
outbreak of the World War I based?
(a) Central America (b) North America'
(c) West America (d) South America

TEST PAPER OF INDIAN ECONOMY FOR UPSC PRELIMS(IAS STUDY CIRCLE)

1] Which state stands first in the length of roads in the country ?
(A) U. P.
(B) M. P.
(C) Maharashtra
(D) Rajasthan
2]When was Focus Market Scheme introduced ?
(A) 2003-04
(B) 2004-05
(C) 2005-06
(D) 2006-07
3]CENVAT is associated with—
(A) Direct Tax
(B) Income Tax
(C) Indirect Tax
(D) Service Tax
4] Which of the following occupied the highest place in growth rate during the 10th Plan period 2002-2007 ?
(A) Agricultural Sector
(B) Service Sector
(C) Industrial Sector
(D) Mining
5] Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan Yojana is associated with—
(A) The development of Bihar
(B) Community toilets in slum areas
(C) Construction of houses for low income groups
(D) None of the above
6] “Pure Banking, Nothing Else” is a slogan raised by—
(A) ICICI Bank
(B) HDFC Bank
(C) SBI
(D) UTI Bank
7]Which one of the following stands at first rank in the list of top 10 steel producers in the world ?
(A) Nippon Steels
(B) Tata-Corus
(C) Arcelor-Mittal
(D) Bao Steel
8] Oil Refinery at Bhatinda is being established by—
(A) IOC
(B) HPCL
(C) Reliance
(D) BPCL
9] The maximum limit of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in public sector banking is—
(A) 51%
(B) 50%
(C) 33%
(D) 49%
10]Which of the following plan is meant for constructing houses for rural people ?
(A) Indra Avas Yojana
(B) Ambedkar Avas Yojana
(C) PURA
(D) None of the above
11] For 11th plan period 2007–2012 savings rate has been targeted at—
(A) 30.8%
(B) 31.6%
(C) 34.8%
(D) 33.6%
12] According to Small and Medium Enterprise Development Act, the maximum limit for medium enterprise is—
(A) Rs. 25 lakhs
(B) Rs. 1 crore
(C) Rs. 5 crore
(D) Rs. 10 crore
13]Recently, Ministry of Human Resource Development developed a new index termed as ‘Educational Development Index’ (EDI) related to primary and upper primary education.
The state at the top of this index is—
(A) Delhi
(B) Kerala
(C) Tamil Nadu
(D) Andhra Pradesh
14] US-based “Novelis” has recently been acquired by—
(A) Tata Group
(B) Birla Group
(C) Reliance Group
(D) Jointly by Tata and Birla Group
15] How many banks are there in public sector at present ?
(A) 28
(B) 27
(C) 19
(D) 20
16]Which of the following is not a financial regulator ?
(A) IRDA
(B) AMFI
(C) PFRDA
(D) SEBI
17]Inflation in India is measured on which of the following indexes/indicators ?
(A) Cost of Living Index
(B) Consumer Price Index
(C) Wholesale Price Index
(D) Gross Domestic Product
18] As per 13th Finance Commission Recommendations during 2010-15, transfers to the states from the central tax pool are expected to be—
(A) Rs. 44000 crore
(B) Rs. 164832 crore
(C) Rs. 318581 crore
(D) Rs. 107552 crore
19]Global Hunger Index released by IFPRI in October 2011 places India at—
(A) 58th rank
(B) 64th rank
(C) 67th rank
(D) 74th rank
20] When was the first EPZ set-up in Kandla ?
(A) 1965
(B) 1970
(C) 1975
(D) 1995
21] Which of the following is not a direct tax ?
(A) Income tax
(B) Property tax
(C) Sales tax
(D) House tax
22] Ultimate burden of tax is known as—
(A) Impact
(B) Incidence
(C) Shifting of tax
(D) None of the above
23] Which is included in Capital budget ?
(A) Income received from public borrowings
(B) Income received from tax-sources
(C) Income received from non-tax sources
(D) All of the above
24] Which of the following is the largest significant factor of revenue expenditure of Central Government ?
(A) Defence Expenditure
(B) Subsidy
(C) Interest Payment
(D) Salary
25] In comparison to revenue deficit; the size of fiscal deficit is always—
(A) Higher
(B) Smaller
(C) Similar
(D) Uncertain
26] Where is Indian Diamond Institute (IDI) established ?
(A) New Delhi
(B) Mumbai
(C) Surat
(D) Jaipur
27]The index of measuring economic development is—
(A) Increase in productive assets
(B) National income
(C) Per-capita income
(D) Any of the above
28] What was infant mortality rate in India at present?
(A) 70 per thousand
(B) 65 per thousand
(C) 60 per thousand
(D) 47 per thousand
29]What has been the annual growth rate of population during 1991-2001 ?
(A) 2•20 %
(B) 2•14%
(C) 1•95%
(D) 1•00%
30]In the history of population growth of India, which year is called “the year of great divide” ?
(A) 1951
(B) 1947
(C) 1935
(D) 1921
31]The factor that determines the change in population of a place is—
(A) Birth rate
(B) Death rate
(C) Migration
(D) All of these
32] Which state produces maximum pulses in the country ?
(A) Madhya Pradesh
(B) Uttar Pradesh
(C) Orissa
(D) Maharashtra
33]Kasturba Gandhi Education Scheme is related to—
(A) Girl Education
(B) Adult Education
(C) Child Labour Education
(D) Tribal Women (above 18 years)
34]What is ‘green gold’ ?
(A) Tea
(B) Coffee
(C) Gold
(D) Rice
35] What is a foot loose industry ?
(A) Any industry which can locate virtually anywhere
(B) Foot loose industry has no strong national orientation in its location requirements
(C) Both of above
(D) None of the above
36]Nowadays, the thurst areas of human development are—
(A) Health
(B) Gender Equity
(C) Gender Empowerment
(D) All of the above
37]The object of every producing firm is—
(A) To maximise production
(B) To minimise cost
(C) To maximise profit
(D) None of the above
38] Which of the following is the function of Planning Commission ?
(A) To estimate various resources of the country
(B) To prepare plan for the balanced and effective use of resources
(C) To review plan
(D) All of the above
39]Final shape is given to plan by—
(A) Planning Commission
(B) Finance Minister
(C) National Development Council
(D) None of the above
40]How many censuses (including the 2011 census) have been carried out since independence ?
(A) 05
(B) 06
(C) 07
(D) 08
41]“An Enquiry into the Nature and Causes of Wealth of Nations” is the book of economist—
(A) Adam Smith
(B) Marshall
(C) Robbins
(D) None of above
42] “Economics is the Science of Wealth” who gave this definition ?
(A) J. K. Mehta
(B) Marshall
(C) Adam Smith
(D) Robbins
43]The negative aspect of economic development after independence is—
(A) Problems of poverty and unemployment have not been eliminated
(B) Industrialisation did not take place as expected
(C) Many public sector enterprises started making losses
(D) All of the above
44]Which of the following programmes is not for rural poverty eradication ?
(A) SGSY
(B) SJSRY
(C) PMGY
(D) All above programmes are for rural poverty eradication
45] Which year has been currently used as the base year to estimate national income in India by CSO ?
(A) 2004-05
(B) 1993-94
(C) 2001-02
(D) 1999-2000
46]Development expenditure of the Central government does not include
A. defence expenditure
B. expenditure on economic services
C. expenditure on social and community services
D. grant to states
47]Gilt-edged market means
A. bullion market
B. market of government securities
C. market of guns
D. market of pure metals
48]In the last one decade, which one among the following sectors has attracted the highest foreign direct investment inflows into India?
A. Chemicals other than fertilizers
B. Services sector
C. Food processing
D. Telecommunication
49]India changed over to the decimal system of coinage in
A. April 1995
B. April 1957
C. April 1958
D. April 1959
50]If the cash reserve ratio is lowered by the RBI, its impact on credit creation will be to
A. increase it
B. decrease it
C. no impact
D. None of the above
51]The co-operative credit societies have a
A. two-tier structure
B. three-tier structure
C. four-tier structure
D. five-tier structure
52]Regional rural banks....
1 have limited area of operation
2 have free access to liberal refinance facilities from NABARD
3 are required to lend only to weaker sections
A. I, III
B. II, III
C. I, II, III
D. I, II
53]
In India, rural incomes are generally lower than the urban incomes, which of the following reasons account for this?
1 A large number of farmers are illiterate and know little about scientific agriculture
2 Prices of primary products are lower than those of manufactured products
3 Investment in agriculture has been low when compared to investment in industry
A. I, II, III
B. I, II
C. I, III
D. II, III
54]National Agricultural Insurance Scheme replacing Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme was introduced in the year
A. 1997 B. 1998
C. 1999 D. 2000
55]The annual yield from which of the following Union Government taxes is the highest?
A. Custom duties
B. Corporation tax and income tax
C. Inheritance tax, wealth tax, interest tax and gift tax
D. Excise duties
56]National expenditure includes
A. consumption expenditure
B. investment expenditure
C. government expenditure
D. All of the above
57]The apex body for formulating plans and coordinating research work in agriculture and allied fields is...
A. State Trading Corporation
B. Regional Rural Banks
C. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
D. Indian Council of Agricultural Research
58]In India, which one among the following formulates the fiscal policy?
A. Planning Commission
B. Ministry of Finance
C. Finance Commission
D. The Reserve Bank of India
59]Devaluation of currency leads to
A. fall in domestic prices
B. increase in domestic prices
C. no impact on domestic prices
D. erratic fluctuations in domestic prices
60]Sarvodaya aimed at ?
(a) classless society
(b) economic revolution
(c) upliftment of weaker sections
(d) upliftment of all, irrespective of their status
61]Which Plan gave emphasis on removal of poverty for the first time?
(A) Fourth
(B) Fifth
(C) Sixth
(D) Seventy
62]National Income Estimates in India are prepared by—
(A) Central Statistical Organization
(B) National Development Council
(C) Ministry of Finance
(D) Planning Commission
63]. Consider the following statements:
The functions of commercial banks in India include
1. Purchase and sale of shares and securities on behalf of customers.
2. Acting as executors and trustees of wills.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
64]Which one of the following authorities makes recommendations to the
Governor of a State as to the principles for determining the taxes and
duties which may be appropriated by the Panchayats in that particular
State?
(a) District Planning Committees. (b) State Finance Commission.
(c) Finance Ministry of that State. (d) Panchayati Raj Ministry of that States.
65]With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following
statements:
1. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has increased by four times in the last 10
years.
2. The percentage share of Public Sector in GDP has declined in the last 10
years.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
66]. Consider the following which can be found in the ambient atmosphere:
1. Soot
2. Sulphur hexafluoride
3. Water vapour
Which of the above contribute to the warming up of the atmosphere?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
67]The International Development Association, a lending agency, is
administered by the
(a) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
(b) International Fund for Agricultural Development.
(c) United Nations Development Programme.
(d) United Nations Industrialized Development Organization.
68]Which one of the following can one come across if one travels through
the Strait of Malacca:
(a) Bali (b) Brunei
(c) Java (d) Singapore
69]With reference to the river Luni, which one of the following statements
is correct?
(a) It flows into Gulf of Khambhat.
(b) It flows into Gulf of Kuchchh.
(c) It flows into Pakistan and merges with a tributary of Indus.
(d) It is lost in the marshy land of the Rann of Kuchchh.
70]In the context of India’s Five Year Plan, a shift in the pattern of
industrialization, with lower emphasis on heavy industries and more on
infrastructure begins in
(a) Fourth Plan (b) Sixth Plan
(c) Eighth Plan (d) Tenth Plan
72]. With reference to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child, consider the following:
1. The Right to Development.
2. The Right to Expression.
3. The Right to Recreation.
Which of the above is/are the Rights of the child?
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
73]Sustainable development is described as the development that meets
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs. In this perspective, inherently the
concept of sustainable development is intertwined with which of the
following concepts?
(a) Social justice and empowerments (b) Inclusive Growth
(c) Globalization (d) Carrying capacity
74]Given below are the names of four energy crops. Which one of them
can be cultivated for ethanol?
(a) Jatropha (b) Maize
(c) Pongania (d) Sunflower
75]Inclusive growth as enunciated in the Eleventh Five Year Plan does not
include one of the
following:
(a) Reduction of poverty (b) Extension of employment opportunities
(c) Strengthening of capital market (d) Reduction of gender inequality
76]. Which one of the following is responsible for the preparation and
presentation of Union
Budget to the Parliament?
(a) Department of Revenue (b) Department of Economic Affairs
(c) Department of Financial Services (d) Department of Expenditure
77]. By a regulation in 1793, the District Collector was deprived of his
judicial powers and made the collecting agent only. What was the reason for such regulation?
(a) Lord Cornwallis felt that the District Collector’s efficiency of revenue collection
would enormously increase without the burden of other work.
(b) Lord Cornwallis felt that Judicial power should compulsorily be in the hands of
Europeans while Indians can be given the job of revenue collection in the districts.
(c) Lord Cornwallis was alarmed at the extent of power concentrated in the
District Collector and felt that such absolute power was undesirable in one person.
(d) The judicial work demanded a deep knowledge of India and a good training in
law and Lord Cornwallis felt that District Collector should be only a revenue collector?
78] Which one of the following is not related to United Nations?
(a) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
(b) International Finance Corporation.
(c) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes.
(d) Bank for International Settlements.
79]Which of the following is / are treated as artificial currency?
(a) ADR (b) GDR
(c) SDR (d) Both ADR and SDR
80]. In India, the interest rate on savings account in all the nationalized
commercial banks is
fixed by
(a) Union Ministry of Finance (b) Union Finance Commission
(c) Indian Banks’ Association (d) None of the above.

TEST EXAMINATION OF INDIAN HISTORY(IAS STUDY CIRCLE)

1]The territory of Porus who offered strong resistance to Alexander was situated between the rivers of..
A. Sutlej and Beas
B. Jhelum and Chenab
C. Ravi and Chenab
D. Ganga and Yamuna
2]Under Akbar, the Mir Bakshi was required to look after
A. military affairs
B. the state treasury
C. the royal household
D. the land revenue system
3]Tripitakas are sacred books of
A.Buddhists B.Hindus
C.Jains D. None of the above
4]The treaty of Srirangapatna was signed between Tipu Sultan and
A. Robert Clive
B. Cornwallis
C. Dalhousie
D. Warren Hastings
5]The system of competitive examination for civil service was accepted in principle in the year
A. 1833 B. 1853
C. 1858 D. 1882
6]Through which one of the following, the king exercised his control over villages in the Vijayanagar Empire?
A. Dannayaka B. Sumanta
C. Nayaka D. Mahanayakacharya
7]The Vijayanagara ruler, Kirshnadev Raya's work Amuktamalyada, was in
A. Telugu B. Sanskrit
C. Tamil D. Kannada
8]Under an agreement with which of the following countries did Subhas Chandra Bose organize the Indian soldiers, taken as prisoners by the Axis Powers, into the Azad Hind Fauj?

A. China B. Germany
C. Italy D. Japan
9]The use of Kharoshti in ancient Indian architecture is the result of India's contact with
A. Central Asia
B. Iran
C. Greece
D. China
10]The troops raised by the emperor but not paid directly the state and place under the charge of mansabadars were know as
A. Walashahi B.Barawardi
C. JCumaki D.Dakhili
11]The treaty of Mangalore was signed between
A. the English East India Company and Haidar Ali
B. the English East India Company and Tipu Sultan
C. Haidar Ali and the Zamorin of Calicut
D. the French East India Company and Tipu Sultan
12]To conquer and annex Peshawar and Punjab, Mahmud of Ghazni defeated
A. Ghurids B.Arabs
C. Karkotakas D.Hindushahis
13]To which professions earlier leaders who struggled for freedom of India mainly belonged?
A. Lawyers B.Teachers
C. Journalists D.All of the above
14]Todar Mal was associated with
A. music
B. literature
C. land revenue reforms
D. law
15]To which of the following dynasties did Kind Bhoja, a great patron of literature and art, belong?
A. Karkota B.Utpala
C. Paramara D.Gurjara Pratihara
16]Vikramaditya, a king of Ujjain, started the Vikrama samvat in 58 BC in commemoration of his victory over
A. Indo-Greeks B. Sakas
C. Parthinas D. Kushanas
17]The use of spinning wheel (Charkha) became common during the
A. 9th Century AD
B. 10th Century AD
C. 12th Century AD
D. 14th Century AD
18]The language of discourses of Gautama Buddha was
A. Bhojpuri B. Magadhi
C. Pali D. Sanskrit
19]There were widespread risings against the British in the 1820s. Which one of the following did not revolt in the 1820s?
A. Santhals
B. Ahoms
C. Pagal Panthis
D. Ramosi
20]Velu Thampi led a revolt against the British in state of
A. Travancore B. Baroda
C. Hyderabad D. Mysore
21]Under the Mountbatten Plan of 1947 the people of ___ were given the right to decide through a plebiscite whether they wished to join Pakistan or India.
A. Assam B. Punjab
C. Bengal D. N.W.F.P and the Sylhet district of Assam
22]The term 'Yavanapriya' mentioned in ancient Sanskrit texts denoted
A. ivory
B. pepper
C. a fine variety of Indian muslin
D. damsels sent to the Greek court for dance performance
23]The title given by the British Government to Mahatma Gandhi which he surrendered during the non-cooperation movement was
A. Hind Keasri
B. Kaiser-e-Hind
C. Rai Bahadur
D. Rt. Honorable
24]The term Khalisa in Mughal administration signified the
A. entire Imperial establishment
B. land owned by the emperor himself
C. religious land grants
D. land from where revenue was collected for the Imperial Treasury
25]Visakhadatta sketches the event after the death of Samudragupta in his work
A. Mudrarakasam
B. Devi Chand Guptam
C. Mrichekakatika
D. Malavikagnimitra
26]The system of Dual Government during the latter half of the 18th century AD is associated with the name of
A. Clive
B. Comwallis
C. Waren Hastings
D. William Bentinck
27]The text of the document called Mahzar, by which Akbar assumed the role of supreme arbiter in the matters of religion is found in
A. Nizamuddin's Tabaqat-I-Akbari
B. Arif Quandahari's Tarikh-I-Alfi
C. Abul Fazl's Akbarnama
D. Badauni's Muntakahab-ut-Tawarikh
28]To meet the educational needs of the people, the Madarasa-I Nasiri was built in the region of
A. Qutub-ud-din Aibak
B. Iltutmish
C. Ruknuddin Firoz Shah
D. Jalal-id-din Khilji
29]The weekly Commonweal was founded by
A. Annie Besant
B. Bipan Chandra Pal
C. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
D. Sarojini Naidu
30]Tolkappiyam is associated with the
A. first Sangam period
B. second Sangam period
C. third Sangam period
D. post-third Sangam period
31]The term Brahmadeya occurs for the first time in
A. early Vedic texts
B. early Buddhist texts
C. pre-Gupta inscriptions
D. post-Gupta inscriptions
32]The Vijayanagara king who employed skilled archers of the Turkish clan and raised the fighting capacity of his bowmen was
A. Bukka I
B. Devaraya I
C. Krishnadevaraya
D. Ramaraya
33]The Venetian traveler who travelled with his wife and reached Vijayanagar around 1420 was
A. Athanasius Nikitin
B. Nicolo de Conti
C. Ibn Batuta
D. Ferishta
34]The founder of Boy Scouts and Girl Guides movement was—
(A) Charles Andrews
(B) Robert Montgomery
(C) Richard Temple
(D) Baden Powell
35]In Mughal paintings one notices the adoption of the principles of foreshortening whereby near and distant people and things could be placed in perspective. This was due to the influence of the—
(A) British
(B) Dutch
(C) Portuguese
(D) Danish
36]Consider the following passage—
In the course of a career on the road spanning almost thirty years, he crossed the breadth of the Eastern hemisphere, visited territories equivalent to about 44 modern countries and put behind him a total distance of approximately 73000 miles.
The world’s greatest traveller of pre-modern times to whom the above passage refers is—
(A) Megasthenes
(B) Fa Hien
(C) Marco Polo
(D) Ibn Battuta
37]The first political organisation established in India in 1838 was known as—
(A) British India Society
(B) Bengal British India Society
(C) Settlers Association
(D) Zamindary Association
38]Uplift of the backward classes was the main programme of the—
(A) Prarthana Samaj
(B) Satya Shodhak Samaj
(C) Arya Samaj
(D) Ramakrishna Mission
39]The earliest evidence of silver in India is found in the—
(A) Harappan culture
(B) Chalcolithic cultures of Western India
(C) Vedic texts
(D) Silver punch marked coins
40] Among the following, who was not a proponent of bhakti cult ?
(a) Nagarjuna
(b) Tukaram
(c) Tyagaraja
(d) Vallabhacharya
41]For the Karachi session of Indian National Congress in 1931 presided over by Sardar Patel, who drafted the Resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Programme ?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(d) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
42] Who among the following were official Congress negotiators with Cripps Mission ?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Patel
(b) Acharya J. B. Kripalani and C. Rajagopalachari
(c) Pandit Nehru and Maulana Azad
(d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad and Rafi Ahmed Kidwai
43]Who among the following Governor General created the Covenanted Civil Service of India
which later came to be known as the Indian Civil Service?
(a) Warren Hastings (b) Wellesley
(c) Cornwallis (d) William Bentinck
44]What was the immediate cause for the launch of the Swadeshi movement?
(a) The partition of Bengal done by Lord Curzon.
(b) A sentence of 18 months rigorous imprisonment imposed on Lokmanya Tilak.
(c) The arrest and deportation of Lala Lajput Rai and Ajit Singh, and passing of the Punjab
Colonization Bill.
(d) Death sentence pronounced on the Chapekar brothers.
45]Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I (Persons) List II (Journals)
A. Shyamji Krishna Varma 1. Bande Mataram
B. Madam Bhikaji Cama 2. Indian Sociologist
C. Annie Besant 3. The Talwar
D. Aurobindo Ghosh 4. Commonwealth
A B C D
(a) 2 3 4 1
(b) 3 2 1 4
(c) 2 3 1 4
(c) 3 2 4 1
46]The Most short-lived of all of Britain’s constitutional experiments in India was the
(a) Indian Councils Act of 1861 (b) Indian Councils Act of 1892
(c) Indian Councils Act of 1909 (d) Government of India Act of 1919
47]“It made its proposals in may. It still wanted a united India. There was to be a Federal Union
composed of British provinces.”
The above quotation is related to
(a) Simon Commission (b) Gandhi-Irwin Pact
(c) Cripps Mission (d) Cabinet Mission
48]At a time when empires in Europe were crumbling the might of Napoleon which one of the
following Governors-General kept the British flag flying high in India?
(a) Warren Hastings (b) Lord Cornwallis
(c) Lord Wallesley (d) Lord Hastings
49]Consider the following events:
1. Indigo Revolt 2. Santhal Rebellion
3. Deccan Riot 4. Mutiny of the Sepoys
The correct chronological sequence of these events is
(a) 4, 2, 1, 3 (b) 4, 2, 3, 1
(c) 2, 4, 3, 1 (d) 2, 4, 1, 3
50]Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I (Years) List II (Events)
A. 1775 1. First Anglo-Burmese War
B. 1780 2. First Anglo-Afghan War
C. 1824 3. First Anglo-Maratha War
D. 1838 4. Second Anglo-Mysore War
A B C D
(a) 4 3 2 1
(b) 4 3 1 2
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 3 4 2 1
51]To which deity is the main temple at Konark dedicated?
(a) Shiva
(b) Kali
(c) Surya
52] In which language did Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai write his novels?
(a) Tamil
(b) Telegu
(c) Malayalam
53]What was Sarojini Naidu's first collection of poems?
(a) Golden Threshold
(b) The way we live now
(c) Revolutionary Road
54]Which deity was not worshipped by the Vedic Aryans ?
(A) Indra
(B) Marut
(C) Varun
(D) Pashupati
55] The Mahavir belonged to the clan—
(A) Kalams
(B) Bhaggas
(C) Lichhivis
(D) Bulis
56] The first translator of Mahabharata into Tamil was—
(A) Perundevanar
(B) Kamban
(C) Sundaramurthi
(D) Bharavi
57]Why did Buddhism start declining in India in the early medieval times ?
1. Buddha was by that time considered as one of the incarnations of Vishnu and thus became a part of Vaishnavism.
2. The invading tribes from Central Asia till the time of last Gupta king adopted Hinduism and persecuted Buddhists.
3. The Kings of Gupta dynasty were strongly opposed to Buddhism.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
a) 1 only

(b) 1 and 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3
58] In India, among the following locations, the Dutch established their earliest factory at:
(a) Surat (b) Pulicat
(c) Cochin (d) Cassimbazar
59]With reference to colonial rule in India, what was sought by the Ilbert Bill in 1883?
(a) To bring Indians and Europeans on par as far as the criminal jurisdiction of courts was concerned
(b) To impose severe restrictions on the freedom of the native press as it was perceived to be hostile to colonial rulers
(c) To encourage the native Indians to appear for civi service examinations by conducting them in India
(d) To allow native Indians to posses arms by amendi the Arms Act
60] In India, the first Bank of limited liability managed by Indi and founded in 1881 was.
(a) Hindustan Commercial Bank

(b) Oudh Commercial Bank

(c) Punjab National Bank

(d) Punjab and Sind Bank
61] Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Pitt's India Act : Warren Hastings

(b) Doctrine of Lapse : Dalhousie

(c) Vernacular Press Act: Curzon

(d) IIbert Bill : Ripon
62]Consider the following Viceroys of India during the British rule:
1. Lord Curzon 2. Lord Chelmsford

3. Lord Hardinge 4. Lord Irwin
Which one of the following is the correct chronological ord of their tenure?

(a) 1,3,2,4 (b) 2,4,1,3

(c) 1,4,2,3 (d) 2,3,1,4
63]Consider the following statements:
1. In the Third Battle of Panipat, Ahmed Shah Abdal defeated Ibrahim Lodi

2. Tipu Sultan was killed in the Third Anglo-Mysore War

3. Mir Jafar entered in conspiracy with the English for defeat of Nawab Siraj-ud-daulah in the Battle of Plassey
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 (d) None
64]Which one of the following territories was not affected the Revolt of 1857?

(a) Jhansi (b) Chittor

(c) Jagdishpur (d) Lucknow
65]Who among the following repealed the Vernacular Press Act?
(a) Lord Dufferin (b) Lord Ripon

(c) LordCurzon (d) LordHardinge
66] Consider the following statements:

1. Warren Hastings was the first Governor General who established a regular police force in India on the British pattern.
2. A Supreme Court was established at Calcutta by the Regulating Act, 1773.
3. The Indian Penal Code came into effect in the year 1860. Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
67]Which one of the fol lowing is the correct chronological order of the battles fought in India in the 18th Century?
(a) Battle of Wandiwash-Battle of Buxar-Battle of Ambur- Battle of Plassey

(b) Battle of Ambur-Battle of Plassey-Battle of Wandiwash-Battle of Buxar

(c) Battle of Wandiwash-Battle of Plassey-Battle of Ambur-Battle of Buxar.

(d) Battle of Ambur-Battle of Buxar- Battle of Wandiwash-Battle of Plassey.
68] Who among the following was a proponent of Fabianism as a movement?
(a) Annie Beasant

(b) A.O.Hume

(c) Michael Madhusudan Dutt

(d) R. Palme Dutt
69] Consider the following statements:
1. The Charter Act, 1853 abolished East India Company monopoly of Indian trade.
2. Under the government of India Act, 1858 the British Parliament abolished the East India Company altogether and undertook the responsibility of ruling India directly.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only

(c) Both land 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
70]Which one of the following revolts was made famous by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in his novel' Anand Math'?
(a) Bhil uprising

(b) Rangpur and Dinapur uprising

(c) Bishnupur and Birbhum rebellion

(d) Sanyasi rebellion
71]With reference to the 'revolt of the year 1857' who of the following was betrayed by 'friend' captured and put to death by the British?
(a) Nana Sahib (b) Kunwar Singh

(c) Khan Bahadur Khan (d) Tatia Tope
72]Who among the following started the newspaper Shome Prakash?
(a) Dayanand Saraswati

(b) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

(c) Raja Rammohan Roy

(d) Surendranath Banerjee
73]The ruler of which one of the following States was removed from power by the British on the pretext of misgovernance?
(a) Awadh (b) Jhansi
(c) Nagpur (d) Satara
74] Consider the following statements:
1. Robert Clive was the first Governor-General of Bengal.
2. William Bentinck was the first Governor-General of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
75] Who among the following wrote the book Bahubivah?
(a) Raja Rammohan Roy

(b) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

(c) Pandita Rambai

(d) Rabindranath Tagore

To achieve the targets of Bharat Nirman, 1,46,185 kms. of road length is proposed to be constructed by 2009. This will benefit 66,802 unconnected eligible habitations in the country. To ensure full farm to market connectivity, it is also proposed to upgrade 1,94,132 kms. of the existing Associated Through Routes. A sum of approximately Rs. 48,000 crore is proposed to be invested to achieve this.

To upgrade rural infrastructure, the Government of India has conceived a time-bound business plan under Bharat Nirman. It is a flagship programme for the country. A commitment of over Rs. 1,74,000 crores has been made to Bharat Nirman with the objective of unleashing the growth potential of our villages. As part of the programme, Government of India intends that by end of financial year 2008 – 2009, every village of over 1000 population, or over 500 in hilly and tribal areas, has an all-weather road.

To achieve the targets of Bharat Nirman, 1,46,185 kms. of road length is proposed to be constructed by 2009. This will benefit 66,802 unconnected eligible habitations in the country. To ensure full farm to market connectivity, it is also proposed to upgrade 1,94,132 kms. of the existing Associated Through Routes. A sum of approximately Rs. 48,000 crore is proposed to be invested to achieve this.

Ministry of Power launched Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) as one of its flagship programme in March 2005 with the objective of electrifying over one lakh un-electrified villages and to provide free electricity connections to 2.34 Crore rural BPL households. This programme has been brought under the ambit of Bharat Nirman.

Ministry of Power launched Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) as one of its flagship programme in March 2005 with the objective of electrifying over one lakh un-electrified villages and to provide free electricity connections to 2.34 Crore rural BPL households. This programme has been brought under the ambit of Bharat Nirman.

Under RGGVY, electricity distribution infrastructure is envisaged to establish Rural Electricity Distribution Backbone (REDB) with at least a 33/11KV sub-station in a block, Village Electrification Infrastructure (VEI) with at least a Distribution Transformer in a village or hamlet, and standalone grids with generation where grid supply is not feasible.

Subsidy towards capital expenditure to the tune of 90% is being provided, through Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (REC), which is a nodal agency for implementation of the scheme. Electrification of un-electrified Below Poverty Line (BPL) households is being financed with 100% capital subsidy @ Rs.2200/- per connection in all rural habitations.

Rural Electrification Corporation is the nodal agency for implementation of the scheme. The services of Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSU) are available to the States for assisting them in the execution of Rural Electrification projects. The Management of Rural Distribution is mandated through franchisees.

So far, Ministry of Power has sanctioned 578 projects for 546 districts to electrify 1,10,416 villages and to provide free electricity connections to 2.30 Crore BPL rural households. As on 31st December, 2011, works in 1,00,917 villages have been completed and 179.41 lakh free electricity connections have been released to BPL households. The revised Bharat Nirman target for RGGVY is to electrify 1 lakh villages and to provide free electricity connections to 175 lakh BPL households by March 2012.

Under Bharat Nirman it is planned to restore and utilize irrigation potential of 10 lakh hectare through implementation of extension, renovation and modernization of schemes alongwith command area development and water management practices.

Under the Irrigation Component of Bharat Nirman, the target of creation of additional irrigation potential of 1 crore hectare in 4 years (2005-06 to 2008-09) is planned to be met largely through expeditious completion of identified ongoing major and medium irrigation projects. Irrigation potential of 42 lakh hectare is planned to be created by expeditiously completing such ongoing major and medium projects.

There is a definite gap between irrigation potential created and the potential utilized. Under Bharat Nirman it is planned to restore and utilize irrigation potential of 10 lakh hectare through implementation of extension, renovation and modernization of schemes alongwith command area development and water management practices.

There are considerable areas in the country with unutilized ground water resources. Irrigation potential of 28 lakh hectare is planned to be created through ground water development.

The remaining target for creation of irrigation potential of 10 lakh hectare is planned to be created by way of minor irrigation schemes using surface flow.

10 lakh hectare of irrigation potential is also planned by way of repair, renovation and restoration of water bodies and extension, renovation and modernization of minor irrigation schemes.

The 2001 Census places the rural housing shortage figure in India at 148 lakhs . The Bharat Nirman Programme has recognised and accorded due priority to the need to end shelterlessness and it is envisaged to construct 60 lakh houses over the next four years across the country, starting from 2005-06.

Housing constitutes a very basic requirement for human survival. It assumes great significance for the rural poor in that it lays the foundation for a life of dignity for them by dispelling the gloom of shelterlessness and conferring a distinct, secure identity. Addressing housing shortage is thus an important strategy of poverty alleviation in India. The 2001 Census places the rural housing shortage figure in India at 148 lakhs . The Bharat Nirman Programme has recognised and accorded due priority to the need to end shelterlessness and it is envisaged to construct 60 lakh houses over the next four years across the country, starting from 2005-06.

The rural housing programme is implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development through the Indira Awaas Yojana scheme, which is a centrally sponsored scheme where the cost is shared between the Centre and the States on a 75:25 basis. The criteria adopted for allocation of financial resources between the States/UTs gives greater emphasis to the states with higher incidence of shelterlessness. 75% weightage is given to housing shortage and 25% weightage to the poverty ratios prescribed by the Planning Commission for State-level allocations. For district-level allocations, 75 % weightage is given again to housing shortage and 25 % to SC/ST component of the population. Grant assistance is provided to the extent of Rs. 25,000 per house for normal areas and Rs. 27,500 for hilly areas. Funds are released to the DRDAs in two installments.

The implementation guidelines of the scheme specifically target the rural below poverty line (BPL) households. The selection of beneficiaries is done by the respective Gram Sabha from the BPL list and no higher approval is required. The guidelines also clearly specify that the house allotment should be in the name of the female member of the family as a first priority. While seeking to empower the rural women, the scheme also provides a quota for physically & mentally challenged persons, ex-servicemen, widows and freed bonded labourers. An important requirement in the implementation is that at least 60% of the beneficiaries should belong to the SC/ST communities. The objective of alleviating the lot of the underprivileged members of society is built into the scheme guidelines. The IAY scheme also lays emphasis on individual sanitation and health by incorporating the cost of a sanitary latrine and smokeless chulha into the grant.

Various state governments have responded to the housing programme by placing it at the top end of their development priorities, thereby imparting great vigour to the implementation process. While the implementation lies with the DRDAs, the houses are constructed by the individual beneficiaries themselves, with absolute freedom of choice over the design. The scheme is closely monitored by an extensive network at the district, state and national level to ensure right selection and effectiveness in the implementation mechanism

Bharat Nirman, a programme to build rural infrastructure, was launched by the Government of India in 2005. Phase I of the programme was implemented in the period 2005-06 to 2008-09. Phase II is being implemented from 2009-10 to 2011-12.

Bharat Nirman, a programme to build rural infrastructure, was launched by the Government
of India in 2005. Phase I of the programme was implemented in the period 2005-06 to 2008-09.
Phase II is being implemented from 2009-10 to 2011-12. Rural drinking water is one of the six
components of Bharat Nirman. During the Bharat Nirman Phase – I period, 55,067 un-covered and
about 3.31 lakh slipped-back habitations were to be covered with provisions of drinking water
facilities and 2.17 lakh quality-affected habitations were to be addressed for water quality problem.
While prioritizing the addressal of the water quality problem, arsenic and fluoride affected
habitations have been accorded priority followed by iron, salinity, nitrate and other contaminants.
To ensure that habitations once provided with drinking water supply infrastructure do not slip back
and face drinking water problem, sustainability of drinking water sources and systems has been
accorded high priority. To achieve drinking water security at village/ habitation level, conjunctive
use of water i.e. judicious use of rainwater, surface water and ground water is promoted.
To enable the rural community to shoulder responsibility in management, operation and
maintenance of water supply systems at village level, decentralized, demand-driven,
community-managed approach has been adopted. To further strengthen community participation in
the drinking water sector the National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance
programme was launched in February, 2006 under which 5 persons in each Gram Panchayat are to
be trained to carry out regular surveillance of drinking water sources for which 100% financial
assistance including water testing kits, are provided.
Physical Progress:
i) Uncovered habitations: Against 55,067 un-covered habitations to be covered during the
Bharat Nirman period, 54,440 habitations have been covered during Phase-I. During 2009-10, 251
habitations out of 586 targetted habitations were covered . In 2010-11, all the 376 targetted
habitations have been covered. This coverage includes 25 uninhabited/ unpopulated habitations in
Rajasthan and 2 disputed habitations in Uttarakhand. The coverage of 10 habitations in
Lakshadweep is being verified. It is being counted as covered. Thus, no uncovered habitation is left
to be covered. The strategy adopted under the National Rural Drinking Water Programme to ensure
that the rural population gets atleast 40 lpcd (and additional 30 lpcd for cattle in DDP areas) of
potable water from sources lying within the village or nearby.
ii) Quality-affected habitations: More than 85% of the sources in rural drinking water supply
schemes are ground-water based. Under the NRDWP, chemical contaminants which are sought to be
tackled are excess arsenic, fluoride, iron, salinity and nitrate. Except for nitrate, all others occur
naturally. Nitrate occurs in drinking water due to leaching of chemical fertilizers and sewerage. The
strategy of the Department is to prioritize addressing the problems of arsenic and fluoride in
drinking water through alternative surface water sources. The treatment technologies that are
available for removal of excess arsenic and fluoride are still not foolproof in respect of reject
management and operation & maintenance issues. Though a target of 2.17 lakh quality affected
habitations was identified at the beginning of Bharat Nirman, the States submitted an action plan for
covering only 1,95,813 such habitations. As on 1.04.2006, there were 7,067 habitations reported to
be afflicted with arsenic and 29,070 habitations with fluoride contamination. Priority has been given
to address the problems in these habitations. It must be admitted however, that due to expansion of
testing, more areas are getting identified as having problems of quality.
At the beginning of Bharat Nirman period there were 1,04,437 rural habitations affected with
excess iron in drinking water sources. The focus of the Department is to tackle excess iron problem
through aeration based technology or low-cost terra-cotta based filtration technique. States such as
Karnataka and Orissa have already taken up the challenge of tackling this contamination through
low-cost terracotta based filtration technology.
In respect of salinity, 12,425 habitations were having a problem at the beginning of Bharat
Nirman period. Although there are a number of technologies like distillation, ion-exchange,
reversible osmosis , electro-dialysis etc., these being expensive solutions the focus of the Department
is to tackle this problem through dilution of groundwater through artificial recharge of groundwater.
The strategy of the Department to tackle excess nitrate is by improving sanitary conditions.
At the beginning of Bharat Nirman period, 19,387 habitations were afflicted with excess nitrate.
As reported by the States, 3,10,698 quality affected habitations were addressed by sanctioned
projects and of these 50,168 habitations have been fully covered with completed projects to provide
safe water supply during Phase-I. As on 1.4.2009 at the beginning of Bharat Nirman phase-II states
reported that 1,79,999 quality affected habitations were remaining to be covered. Of these during
2009-10, 32,129 and during 2010-11 , 27,107 habitations have been reported as covered.During
2011-12, 10,627 habitations have been reported as covered so far against the 8000 outcome budget
target upto the third quarter. Thus, in all during Bharat Nirman phase-I and II, 1,20,031 quality
affected habitations have been fully covered with completed schemes.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: विशेष आर्थिक जोन

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: विशेष आर्थिक जोन: वर्ष 2005 में भारत सरकार के वाणिज्य मंत्रालय ने अंतरराष्ट्रीय स्तर पर प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक वातावरण उपलब्ध कराने तथा निर्यात के लिए बाधा मुक्त वा...

National Knowledge Network

The Government's decision to set up National Knowledge Network was announced in the Budget Speech, 2008-09. An initial amount of Rs. 100 crore for FY 2008-09 was allocated to the Department for establishing the National Knowledge Network. A High Level Committee (HLC) was set up under the Chairmanship of Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India to coordinate and monitor the establishment of the National Knowledge Network.
On 25th March 2010 the Government approved the establishment of the National Knowledge Network (NKN) at an outlay of Rs.5990 crore, to be implemented by National Informatics Centre (NIC) over a period of 10 years.

The objective of the National Knowledge Network is to bring together all the stakeholders in Science, Technology, Higher Education, Research & Development and Governance.

Network will consist of an ultra-high speed Core (multiples of 10Gbps and upwards), and over 1500 nodes. It is scalable to higher speed and more nodes also. The Core shall be complemented with a distribution layer at appropriate speeds. The participating institutions can directly or through distribution layer connect to the National Knowledge Network at speeds of 100 Mbps /1 Gbps.
The application areas envisaged under the National Knowledge Network cover
Agriculture
Education
Health
e-governance
Grid Computing (High Performance Computing)

Food production at the end of the 11th Plan will exceed 250 million tonnes, an all time record. Our pulse production, at 18 million tonnes, is well about the previous barrier of 15 million tonnes.

Flagship programme Bharat Nirman has focussed on increasing investment in rural roads, rural electrification, irrigation, rural housing and rural communications. Over the past seven years we have engineered a shift in the terms of trade in favour of agriculture by raising significantly support and procurement prices. We financed a massive debt write off for indebted farmers of our country. We launched the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme which is both a safety net for the poor and also a powerful instrument for undertaking works that will enhance land productivity. We launched the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana and the Rainfed Areas Development Programme.

These policies have begun to pay off. We have reached new plateaus in foodgrain production. Food production at the end of the 11th Plan will exceed 250 million tonnes, an all time record. Our pulse production, at 18 million tonnes, is well about the previous barrier of 15 million tonnes. We are producing today more milk, more fruits, more vegetables, more sugarcane, more oilseeds and more cotton than ever before. Last year production of vegetables went up by 9.57% and nearly 2 million tonnes of cold storage capacity was created.


It now looks as if agricultural growth is likely to be about 3.5% per annum during the 11th Five Year Plan which is much better than in the 10th Five Year Plan. This is a commendable achievement but we must improve upon it in the Twelfth Plan to reach 4 percent growth or even higher. This will call for very determined effort on the part of both the central government and the state governments ranging over many areas including investment in irrigation, investment in watershed management, provision of credit, provision of marketing support etc. One of the key elements in that effort must be the contribution of agricultural research and I would like to use this opportunity to focus on this area.

A gap between the yield per hectare that is observed in the field and the yields that can be achieved under ideal farming conditions. That difference is quite substantial at present and it represents the failure of the system to exploit the yield potential which our scientists have given us. In the short run it is the job of the administration to close this gap and our agricultural strategy must give high priority to this effort. This is not the job of research scientists but it does involve close collaboration between our scientific and technical manpower and the administration on the ground. We must do better in this area than we have done thus far.


The Krishi Vigyan Kendras which now cover virtually the entirelength and breadth of the country and Agricultural Technology Management Agencies (ATMA) have to play a major role in this process of revitalization and transformation of extension network.

The National Agricultural Research System needs to be further strengthened to meet the challenges of the years ahead. One requirement of this is the adequacy of financial resources. Our Government is committed to raising R&D spending as a whole to at least 2% of the GDP by the end of the XII Plan from the current level of about 1%. Given the importance that agriculture has in achieving our national goals, we have to ensure that a significant proportion of increased R&D spending is directed to agriculture and related activities.

the public sector needs to take the lead we also need much greater private sector investment and involvement in agriculture, particularly in R&D. Indeed, it is unlikely that the goal of 2% of GDP in research can be achieved unless a significant part of this is financed by the private sector. Further, greater integration of the agricultural, industrial and Science and Technology sectors of our economy alone can yield large productivity gains based on new innovations and technologies.
Special attention needs to be paid to the role of women in the farm sector. Women have historically been the source of much traditional knowledge. Thus special efforts have to be made to make the entire R&D chain more gender sensitive and give priority to technological options that reduce the drudgery of women working on the farm.

It is estimated that we would need an addition of nearly 50 million tonnes of food grains in the next 10 years to meet domestic demand. Increased production of foodgrains is certainly an important plank of food security and our efforts to rid the country of the scourge of malnutrition.

But proper nutrition also requires a balanced diet. We would need to produce more fruits & vegetables and protein rich products such as milk, eggs, fish and meat. The demand for these products is expected to grow substantially with rising incomes and changing dietary habits and preferences. Therefore we have to pursue a multi-pronged strategy which seeks to boost productivity and production through product-specific interventions.

Public expenditure on health has increased from less than 1% of our GDP in 2006-07 to an estimated 1.4% of GDP by the end of the Eleventh Five year Plan. But we will need to work harder and do more if we have to reach our goal of increasing public expenditure on health to at least 2.5% of the GDP.

The National Council on India’s Nutrition Challenges is spearheading our efforts to address the challenge of malnutrition. The Total Sanitation Campaign aims to eradicate the practice of open defecation by 2017. We are moving towards the creation of Public Health Cadres to work for the prevention and the control of disease. It will be our effort to ensure that every village has access to safe drinking water. The Right to Education Act is in place and we have made considerable progress in universalisation of elementary education. However, going forward we have to give proper attention to issues such as bridging social and gender gaps in school enrolment, adult literacy particularly of women and the need to improve learning outcomes.

Reduction of infant and maternal mortality rates and population stabilization are among the core health goals of our national programme, National Rural Health Mission. Some states in the Union have already reached the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals. This agenda however remains a challenge in many of the other states. We need to, in a mission mode, focus on these states and deploy more human, financial and managerial resources to improve their health status. This was what was done in the last three years under the polio campaign.

As the country enters a demographic and epidemiological transition, we need to focus more attention on non communicable diseases and a wider range of infectious diseases. The task of prevention of trauma through prompt and effective emergency care has also acquired great urgency. About 10% of our mortality is now due to trauma which is claiming many young lives.

The Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana provides insurance cover today to over 2.67 crore poor families. However, two thirds of private healthcare expenditure is on out-patient and diagnostic care and for purchase of medicines. Insurance schemes generally tend to focus on in-patient cares. We therefore need to work towards hassle free and cashless outpatient care in our public hospitals.
Public expenditure on health has increased from less than 1% of our GDP in 2006-07 to an estimated 1.4% of GDP by the end of the Eleventh Five year Plan. But we will need to work harder and do more if we have to reach our goal of increasing public expenditure on health to at least 2.5% of the GDP. Education and health will be the key priorities of the Twelfth Five Year Plan.

Beyond investments, we, therefore need greater capacities for decentralized health care planning and management. This will require greater focus on human resource development as well as on technological innovation and information systems that can support such decentralization. These are the challenges for the future. Building capacities in our 600 odd districts and states of the union is one important area where the sustained support and partnership of all stakeholders will be vital in terms of health outcome.